The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.